Well packers



April 2, 1963 c. c. BROWN 3,083,769

WELL PACKERS Filed Nov. 3, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 C /C'e/o C BrownINVENTOR.

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WELL PACKERS Filed Nov. 3, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 &

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BY 2 56M KKM ATTORNEY) C. C. BROWN A ril 2, 1963 WELL PACKERS 4Sheets-Sheet 3 J 0 U m M 5mm 7: c 0 0 w w m.

April 2, 1963 c. 0. BROWN 3,083,769

WELL PACKERS Filed Nov. 3, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 W Ila /Z C/ce/w C.firawn INVENTOR.

United States Patent 3,683,769 WELL PACKERS Cicero C, Brown, 2216Campbell St, Houston, Tex. Filed Nov. 3, H55, Ser. No. 544,659 '7Claims. (Cl. tea-ran This invention relates to new and usefulimprovements in well packers.

In U.S. patent application, Serial No. 523,544, now Patent No.2,946,384, I have disclosed a well packer construction which is adaptedto be set and released without requiring any manipulation of the tubingor well pipe on which the packer is supported.

An object of this invention is to provide a new and improved well packerof the type disclosed in said application wherein the packer is adaptedto be set without manipulation of the tubing or well pipe supportingsame and is also adapted to be rendered releasable from its set positionwithout manipulation of the tubing or well pipe so that the packer canbe subsequently moved in the well bore upon a non-rotative longitudinalmovement of the tubing or well pipe.

An important object of this invention is to provide a new and improvedwell packer which is adapted to be set in a well bore or casing by theapplication of fluid pressure thereto and which is rendered releasablefrom its set position by a reduction of the fluid pressure appliedthereto.

Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved Wellpacker which is adapted to be set in a well bore or casing by theapplication thereto of fiuid pressure and which is adapted to bemaintained in the set position by the fluid pressure assisted byimposing at least some of the weight of the tubing or well pipe on thepacker.

A further object of this invention is to provide a new and improved wellpacker which is adapted to be set in a well bore or casing by theapplication thereto of fluid pressure and which includes an auxiliaryhold-down means for holding the packer in its set position whenexcessive well pressures develop which might otherwise cause aninadvertent release of the packer from its set position.

The construction designed to carry out the invention will be hereinafterdescribed, together with other features thereof.

The invention will be more readily understood from a reading of thefollowing specification and by reference to the accompanying drawingsforming a part thereof, wherein an example of the invention is shown andwhere- FIGURE 1 is an elevation of one form of the apparatus of thisinvention as positioned in a well casing or pipe.

FIGURE 2A and 2B are views, partly in elevation and partly in section,illustrating in detail the well packer apparatus of FIGURE 1, withFIGURE ZA showing the upper portion thereof and FIGURE 2B showing thelower portion thereof.

FIGURE 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 33 of FIGURE 2B.

FIGURES 4A and 4B are views illustrating the well packer of FIGURES 2Aand 2B in the set position.

FIGURE 5 is a view, partly in elevation and partly in section,illustrating a modified form of the well packer of this invention in 2.released or unset position.

FIGURE 6 is a view similar to FIGURE 5, but illustrating the apparatusof FIGURE 5 in a set position.

FIGURE 7 is a view, partly in elevation and partly in section,illustrating a modified valve construction for use with the packer ofthis invention.

In the drawings, the letter P designates generally the ell packer ofthis invention which is adapted to be "ice positioned in a well casingor pipe C for any desired purpose, such as the treating of or theproducing from the well formation F which is schematically shown in FIG-URE 1. The well packer F is lowered into the casing C on a tubing stringor well pipe T with the packing element It) and the slips 12 in an unsetor retracted position out of engagement with the inside of the casing C.As will be explained, the packer P is so constructed that it can beactuated to set the packing element It) and the slips 12 after thetubing string has been supported in the usual Christmas tree at thesurface of the well, since the packer P requires no longitudinalmovement of the tubing T in order to set the packer. Also, the packer Pis adapted to be released, or at least moved to a position forsubsequent elease, while the tubing T is still suspended in the wellheadequipment at the surface. With the form of the apparatus disclosed inFIGURES 1-413, the tubing string T can be manipulated after the packer Phas been set to assist in maintaining the packer P in its set conditionby imposing at least a portion of the weight of the tubing string T onthe packer P, as will be explained. In the modified packer constructionof FIGURES 5 and 6, a hold-down means is provided for preventing theinadvertent release of the packer from its set position by reason of anexcess pressure below the packer. In both forms of the packersillustrated in the drawings, hydraulic or fluid pressure is utilized foractuating and controlling the packers, as will be evidenced hereinafter.

Referring to FlGURES 2A and 2B in particular, it can be seen thereinthat the packer P includes an inner mandrel 14 which is connected to andsupported by the tubing string T through an adapter 15 or any othersimilar connecting means. The packing element Ill, which is formed ofrubber or other similar elastic distortable material, is annular inconstruction and is mounted on the external surface of the mandrel 14between annular retaining bands 16 and 17, all of which are slidablerelative to the mandrel 14. However, the upper band 16 contacts anoutwardly extending lateral shoulder 15a of the adapter 15 so that itsupward movement is prevented, whereby the upper end of the packingelement Bill is also prevented from moving relative to the mandrel 14.

The lower band 17 rests upon the upper end of a slip expander or cone 18which in turn is prevented from moving downwardly by an annular shoulder14a formed on the external surface thereof. Such construction supportsthe entire packing element construction and the expander 18, whilepermitting longitudinal relative movement thereof relative to themandrel 14, whereby the expander 18 is adapted to move upwardly relativeto the mandrel 14 for compressing or distorting the packing element 1%laterally or radially into sealing engagement with the inside of thewell casing or pipe C.

The slip expander 18 has an external downwardly and inwardly tapered orinclined surface which fits within the slips 12 and engages thesimilarly inclined or tapered inner surfaces 12a thereof, whereby upon amovement of the slips 12 relative to the expander In, the slips 12 areurged outwardly into engagement with the inside of the casing C to setsame. The slips 1?. have downwardly extending gripping teeth 12]; ontheir external surfaces so as to permit an upward relative movement ofthe slips 12 with respect to the casing C but so as to prevent anydownward movement of the slips I2 after they have been wedged intocontact with the surface of the casing C by the expander 13. Each of theslips 12, which are formed in arcuate segments, is supported on a slipsupport arm 29. Such support arms 20 may be formed of a resilientmaterial to urge the slips normally to a retracted position out ofengagement with the inside of the well casing C (FIGURE 2A), but asillustrated in FIGURE 2A, an addi- (FIGURE 23). The piston 25 has itsupper surface 25a of substantially the same diameter as the externaldiameter of the mandrel 14-. Annular seal rings 26, formed of rubber orother similar elastic sealing material, are mounted in the inner surface25a of the piston 25 for providing a fluid .seal between the piston 25and the external surface of the mandrel 14 above an inlet port 141) inthe mandrel 14. The inlet port 1412 is disposed below a lateral pistonshoulder 2511 which is provided by the enlarged diameter inner surfaceportion 25c at the lower end of the piston 25. Actually, the enlargedinner diameter portion of the piston 25 forms an additional sleeveidentified by the numeral 27 below the main piston portion of the piston25 so that a chamber 28 is provided below the lateral piston surface251) of the piston which is in fluid communication with the bore of themandrel 14 through the port 1412. The lower part of the chamber 28 isprovided by a lower adapter member 30 which is threaded or otherwisesuitably connected to the mandrel 14- to form a continuation thereof.Also, the sleeve 27 on the piston 25 extends downwardly around theexternal surface of the adapter 3% and rests upon a lateral shoulder 39aof the adapter member 30. A shear pin 31 connects the sleeve 27 andtherefore the piston 25 to the adapter 31 so as to prevent relativemovement of the piston 25 with respect to the mandrel 14 until apredetermined force is exerted on the piston 25, as will be explained.Annular fluid seals, such as rings 33, seal between the external surfaceof the adapter 30 and the internal surface 25c on the sleeve 27. Also, aseal ring 35 may be provided between the mandrel 14 and the, adapter 30to prevent fluid flow therebetween. The lower end of the adapter 31 isconnected with a screen 36, or any other suitable assembly.

The bore of the adapter 31 is provided with an annular internallyextending shoulder 30b for receiving and seating a closure or plug suchas indicated in FIGURE 23 and identified by the letter A. The details ofsuch plug A need not be described because any conventional plug which isadapted to be lowered through the tubing string T and the mandrel 14-for seating on the shoulder 3% may be utilized. The plug A, as shown inFIGURE 2B, basically includes a rubber or elastic seal ring 40 whichseals against the bore of the adapter 39 and prevents the fluid flowtherebelow. The body 41 of the closure A is 7 held in a lowered positionon a seating ring 42 by a spring 43 under normal circumstances so thatno fluid flow can occur through the lower end of the mandrel 14 belowthe port 14b, whereby fluid can be forced downwardly through the tubingT and admitted through the port 1% into the chamber 23 for operating thepiston 25, as will be more fully explained. The spring 43 in the closureA permits the opening of the lower end of the mandrel 14- when thepressure below the packer has reached a predetermined amount. Also, itwill be evident that because of the fishing neck 41a of the closure Athe plug or closure A can be removed from the tubing string whendesired.

In the operation or use of the well packer P illustrated in FIGURES 14B,the packer P is lowered into the casing C or well bore on a tubingstring T until it has reached its desired position in the bore orcasing. Circulation can, of course, be obtained after the packer hasreached its predetermined position in the bore or casing and prior tothe time that the packing element is actuated to its set or sealingposition with the casing. When it is desired to set the packing element1% and the slips 12, the closure or plug A is dropped or lowered intothe mandrel 14 and is allowed to seat on the annular seat 31th in theadapter 313' at the lower end of the mandrel 14 so as to close fluidflow through the mandrel 1 1. Thereafter, fluid or hydraulic fluid underpressure is supplied from the surface of the well through the tubingstring T and the mandrel 14-. Such pressure fluid passes through theport or ports 14b in the mandrel 14 and into the chamber 28' below thelateral piston surface 25b of the piston 25. The fluid pressure acts tourge the piston 25 and its sleeve 27 upwardly relative to the mandrel 14and the adapter 31). Such force is sufficient to shear the pin or pins31 so that thereafter the piston 25 moves upwardly and during suchmovement the chamber 28 obviously enlarges with the sleeve 27 formingthe outer wall of such chamber. The upward movement of the piston 25imparts an upward movement to the slips 12.

As the slips 12 move upwardly, they carry the slip expander 18 upwardlyand such upward movement of the expander 18 is transmitted to the lowerend of the annular packing element 11), whereby it is compressed ordistorted laterally or radially into sealing engagement with the wellcasing C. Thereafter, the upward movement of the expander 18 is stoppedbecause the packing element 10 has been fully expanded and thereforefurther upward movement of the expander 18 is prevented. With thepacking element thus expanded and the expander 18 stationary withrespect to the mandrel 14, the continued upward movement of the slips 12cause same to ride upwardly relative to the expander 18 and to wedgetightly into engagement with the inside of the casing C.

Actually, during the setting operation, it is possible for the slips 12to initially move upwardly to some extent relative to the slip expander18, but even if such relative movement between the slips 12 and theexpander '18 initially occurs, the slips 12 will not become fully setuntil the upward movement of the slip expander 18 has been stopped. Thestopping of the upward movement of the slip expander 18 does not occuruntil after the packing element 10 is fully expanded, whereby thesetting of both the packing element 10 and the slips 12 is assured.

Ordinarily, the tubing T is supported in a Christmas tree assembly orwellhead assembly at the surface of the well and no further manipulationof the apparatus is necessary for the setting of the slips and thepacking element by the above procedure. However, if desired, the tubingstring T can be utilized for assisting in maintaining the packingelement It) and the slips 12 in their set position by imposing at leasta portion of the weight of the tubing string T on the packer. This canbe accomplished because the tubing string T is connected to the upperend of the mandrel 14 and the slips 12 have downwardly extending teeth12b which bite into the side of the casing uponthe application of adownward force to the packer.

When it is desired to release the packer P from its set position, suchcan be accomplished by releasing the fluid pressure within the bore ofthe mandrel 14 and the tubing string T. For example, the closure or plugA can be removed to reduce such pressure, or the pressure can simply bereduced at the surface of the well.' Thereafter, upon a lifting of thetubing string T, the entire packer is removed from the well bore orcasing C.

In FIGURES 5 and 6, the upper part of a modified packer construction, ascompared to the form of the invention shown in FIGURES 1-413, isillustrated. Only the portion of the modified packer above the slips 12has been illustrated in FIGURES 5 and 6 because the portion of thepacker therebelow is identical with that illustrated in FIGURES 1-4B.Thus, the mandrel 114 corresponds with the mandrel 14 and has connectionthrough an adapter section 115 with the tubing string T which extends tothe surface of the well for connection to the wellhead assembly in theusual manner.

The packing element and the slip expander 113 correspond with thepacking element 10 and the slip expander 18 of the first form of theinvention, but are mounted in a somewhat different manner thanpreviously described. In addition, an auxiliary hold-down means orassembly H is provided with the modified construction of FIGURES 5 and 6for preventing the inadvertent release s earer) soil 6 of the packingelement 110 and the slips112 from their set position by reason of anexcessive pressure in the well below the packer.

Such hold-down means H includes a housing or outer body 59 which isthreaded or otherwise connected to the adapter 115 of the mandrel 114.Such housing 50 has a plurality of laterally extending openings 50a inwhich are mounted auxiliary gripping members 51. Each of the grippingmembers 51 has gripping teeth 51a on its external surface for grippingengagement with the inside of the casing C. Normally, the gripping,members 51 are urged inwardly by coil springs or other resilient means52 which are confined by retaining plates 53 which are suitably securedto the housing 59. The gripping members 51 are urged outwardly intogripping engagement with the inside of the well casing C when apredetermined fluid pressure on the inside of or behind such grippingmembers 51 is sufiicient to urge same outwardly against the inwardurging of the springs 52. The holddown means H is therefore merely asafety mechanism which functions only when the pressure below the packerbuilds up to a sui'licient amount to force the gripping members 51outwardly into gripping engagement with the casing C. At all othertimes, the gripping members 51 are in a retracted position and do notaffect the operation or functioning of the packer P.

Below the body 59, an annular back-up sleeve 64 is provided forsupporting the packing element 11%. A retaining ring 117 is threaded tothe upper end of the slip expander 113 and projects inwardly forengagement with an outwardly extending annular shoulder (Elia on thelower end of the back-up sleeve 60, whereby the packing element 11%"?and the slip expander 118 are limited in their downward movementrelative to the sleeve 6t and also the mandrel 114. it will be observedthat there is a space between the external surface of the mandrel 114and the internal surfaces of the sleeve 69, the slip expander 118, andthe housing 59, so that there is a constant fluid communication betweenthe area below the packing element 110 and the inner surfaces of thegripping members 51.

In this form of the invention shown in FIGURES and 6, the gripping slips12 are secured to the slip expander 113 by one or more shear pins orscrews 65 which are for the primary purpose of preventing the slips 12from swinging outwardly away from the external surface 118a of theexpander 118 during the lowering of the packer into the well bore orcasing. Thus, in this form of the invention, the spring 2 2 iseliminated and, in fact, the shear pin or pins 65 could be eliminatedwhile still obtaining proper functioning of the apparatus.

The operation or use of the packer P of FIGURES 5 and 6 is substantiallyidentical with that described above in connection with FIGURES 1-433.Thus, the packer is lowered to the position desired for setting same andthen a closure such as the closure or plug A shown in FIG- URES 2B and4B is lowered or dropped and closes off the lower end of the mandrel 14.Then, fluid pressure is admitted to the tubing string T and a pistonsuch as shown in FIGURES 2B and 4B is actuated to move the slips l2upwardly for expanding the packing element 119 to its fully expanded andsealing position (FIGURE 6) and for shearing the pin 65 and moving theslips 12 relative to the slip expander 118 for setting the slips 12. Thehold-down means l-l does not, of course, operate to provide anyadditional gripping force until a predetermined iluid pressure in thewell develops below the packing element lit in which case the grippingmembers 51 are urged to the gripping position shown in FIGURE 6. It isnoted that the pressure which actuates the holddown members is adiiferent pressure than that which actuates the piston 25. As a matterof fact the piston is never exposed to the pressure which actuates theholddown means so that different pressures are utilized to set thepacker and to actuate the holddown means.

When it is desired to release the packing element 110 6 and the slips 12from their set position of FIGURE 6, the fluid pressure within thetubing string T is released and thereafter by simply raising the tubingstring T without rotation, the packer of FIGURES 5 and 6 is removed fromthe well bore or casing C.

As previously mentioned, other types of closures or plugs than theclosure of plug A of FIGURES 2B and 4B could be utilized with eitherform of the invention previously described. For example, in FIGURE 7, aball B is utilized for closing the lower end of the mandrel 14 or tubingstring T with which it is connected. The adapter 139 of FIGURE 7corresponds with the adapter 30 of FIG- URES 2B and 4B. The ball B isshown as seating on a removable sleeve within the adapter 136*. Duringthe setting of the packer P, the shear pin 76 holds the sleeve 75 withinthe adapter so that the ball B remains in position for closing the fluidflow through the mandrel 14. However, if sufiicient fluid pressure isapplied to the ball 13, the pin '76 shears to move the sleeve 75downwardly and then the ball B and the sleeve 75 can be pumped out ofthe lower end of the tubing string, assuming the pipe 136 is open at itslower end. It can thus be appreciated that various types of closures canbe utilized for carrying out the operation of the packer of thisinvention.

The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention isillustrative and explanatory thereof and various changes in the size,shape and materials, as well as in the details of the illustratedconstruction, may be made within the scope of the appended claimsWithout departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. A hydraulically set packer for installation on the lower end of astring of tubing through which production is delivered in a well havingcasing extending down the well below the packer, said packer comprisinga tubular mandrel with a central opening extending therethrough, saidtubular mandrel having a substantially uniform inner diameter throughoutits length, a ring of deformable material mounted on the outer surfaceof the mandrel to form a pack oif element adapted to engage the casingwhen the packer is set, a slip cone slidably mounted on the outersurface of the mandrel abutting the lower end of the pack off element,said mandrel having at its lower end a section of enlarged outerdiameter, a sleeve slidably mounted on the mandrel between the sectionof enlarged outer diameter and the slip cone, the sleeve and section oflarge outer diameter being constructed. and arranged to form a pressurechamber between the sleeve and the mandrel, sealing rings engaging thesleeve and mandrel and cooperating with the sleeve and mandrel toprevent flow outwardly from the pressure chamber, a port extendinginwardly through the mandrel from the pressure chamber, slips extendingupwardly from the sleeve to a position adjacent and below the slip conewhen the packer is in condition for running into the well and adapted tomove up over the outer surface of the slip cone as the sleeve is movedupwardly on the mandrel on the application of hydraulic pressure in thepressure chamber, a narrow shoulder extending inwardly around the innersurface of the mandrel at a position below the port to form a valveseat, and a valve element having a diameter smaller than the innerdiameter of the mandrel and adapted to rest on the shoulder to close thelower end of the mandrel whereby a hydraulic pressure to set the packercan be applied to the mandrel above the shoulder.

2. A combination hydraulic and weight-set packer for installation on astring of tubing through which production is delivered in a well havingcasing extending down the well below the packer, said packer comprisinga tubular mandrel connectible to the lower end of said string of tubingand having a longitudinal bore therethrough communicating with the boreof said string of tubing, an annular abutment member fixedly mountedabout the exterior of the mandrel, an annular deformable packing elementsurrounding the mandrel with its upper end in abut.- ting relation tosaid abutment member, said packing element being adapted to sealinglyengage the casing when the packer is set, a single slip cone. havinglongitudinally slidable mounting on the outer surface of the mandrelabutting the lower end of said packing element, slips disposed on themandrel adjacent and below the slip cone when the packer is in conditionfor running into the well and adapted to move up over the outer surfaceof the slip cone, hydraulic pressure-actuatable packer-setting meansslidably carried by said mandrel and connected to said slipsto, move thesame upwardly relative to said slip cone, port means in the wall of themandrel for directing hydrauli'c pressure from the, bore of the mandrelto said packer-setting means, and means for closing the bore of saidmandrel below said port means to permit hydraulic pressure to bedirected to said packer setting means, said longitudinally slidablemounting between said mandrel andv said slip conebeing operable when thepacker is set to permit downward movement of said mandrel to apply theweight of the tubing string to the upper endof said packing element tointensify the sealing pressure thereof.

3. A packer according to claim 2, wherein said slip cone and saidmandrel carry cooperating shoulder means limiting downward movement ofthe slip cone relative to the mandrel.

4. A combination hydraulic and weight-set packer for installation on astring of tubing through which production is delivered in a well havingcasing extending down the well below the packer, said packer comprisinga tubular mandrel connectible to the lower end of said string of tubingand having a longitudinal bore therethrough communicating with theboreofsaid string of tubing, an annular abutment member fixedly mountedabout the exterior of the mandrel, an annular deformable packingelement. surrounding the mandrel with its upper end in abutting relationto said abutment member, said packing element being adapted to sealinglyengage the casing when the packer is set, a single slip cone havinglongitudinally slidable mounting. on the outer surface of the mandrelabutting the lower end of said packing element, slips disposed adjacentand below. the slip conewhen the packer is in condition for running intothe well and adapted to move up over the outer surface of. the slipcone, hydraulic pressure=actuatable packer-setting means slidablycarried by said. mandrel and connected to said slips to move the sameupwardly relative to said slip cone, port means in the wall of themandrel for directing hydraulic pressure from the bore of the mandrel tosaidpacker-setting means, means for closing the bore of said mandrelbelow said port. means to permit hydraulic pressure to be directed tosaidv packer setting means, and said longitudinally slidable-mountingbetween said mandrel and said slip cone being operable when the packeris set to permit downward movement of said mandrel to apply the weightof the tubing string to the upperend of said packing element tointensify the sealing pressure thereof, and a holddown anchor meansmounted on the body above said abutment member actuatable by fluidpressure exteriorly of said packer below the packing element to engagesaid casing.

5. A combination hydraulic and weight-set packer according to claim 4,wherein said hold-down anchor means 8. comprises a tubular housingsurrounding said mandrel, radially projectable slips mounted in thehousing and passage means extending between the mandrel and the packingelement providing fluid pressure communication between the interior ofthe housing and the interior of said casing.

6. A combination hydraulic and weight-set packer according to claim 4,wherein said slip cone and said mandrel carry cooperating shoulder meanslimiting downwardmovement' of the slip cone relative to the mandrel.

7. A combination hydraulic and weight-set packer for installation on thelower end of a string of tubing through which production is deliveredina well having casing ex tending down the well below the packer, saidpacker comprising a tubular mandrel with a central opening extendingtherethrough, said tubular mandrel having a substantially uniforminnerdiameter throughout its length, a fixed abutment member mounted aboutthe mandrel adjacent its upper end, a ring of deformable materialmounted on the outer surface of the mandrel to form a pack off elementadaptedto engage the casing when the packer is set, the upper end ofsaid pack oif element abutting said fixed abutment, a slip cone.slidably mounted on the outer surface of the mandrel abutting the lowerend of the pack off element, said mandrel having at its lower end asection of enlarged outer diameter, a sleeve-slidably mounted on themandrel between the section of enlarged outer diameter and the slipcone, the sleeve and section of large outer diameter being constructedand arranged to form a pressure chamber between the sleeve and mandrel,sealing rings engaging the sleeve and mandrel and cooperating with thesleeve and mandrel to prevent flow outwardly from the pressure chamber,a port extending inwardly through the mandrel from the pressure chamber,slips extending upwardly from the sleeve to a position adjacent andbelow the slip cone when the packer is in condition for running into thewell and adapted to move up over the outer surface of the slip cone asthe sleeve is moved upwardly on the mandrel on the application ofhydraulic pressure in the pressure chamber, a narrow shoulder extendinginwardly around the inner surface of the mandrel at a position below theport to form a valve seat, and a valve element having a diameter smallerthan the inner diameter of the mandrel and adapted to rest on theshoulder to close the lower end of the mandrel whereby a hydraulicpressure to set the packer can be applied to the mandrel above theshoulder, and said slidable relation of said mandrel to said slip conebeing operable to additionally expand said packing element byapplication of the weight of said tubing string when the packer has beenset.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTSv2,180,605 Otis- Nov. 21, 1939 2,328,840 OLcary Sept. 7, 1943 2,630,865Baker d. Mar. 10, 1953 2,695,064 Ragan et al Nov. 23, 1954 2,735,497Brumleu et al Feb. 21, 1956 2,765,853 Brown Oct. 9, 1956 2,823,754 AultFeb. 18, 1958

1. A HYDRAULICALLY SET PACKER FOR INSTALLATION ON THE LOWER END OF ASTRING OF TUBING THROUGH WHICH PRODUCTION IS DELIVERED IN A WELL HAVINGCASING EXTENDING DOWN THE WELL BELOW THE PACKER, SAID PACKER COMPRISINGA TUBULAR MANDREL WITH A CENTRAL OPENING EXTENDING THERETHROUGH, SAIDTUBULAR MANDREL HAVING A SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM INNER DIAMETER THROUGHOUTITS LENGTH, A RING OF DEFORMABLE MATERIAL MOUNTED ON THE OUTER SURFACEOF THE MANDREL TO FORM A PACK OFF ELEMENT ADAPTED TO ENGAGE THE CASINGWHEN THE PACKER IS SET, A SLIP CONE SLIDABLY MOUNTED ON THE OUTERSURFACE OF THE MANDREL ABUTTING THE LOWER END OF THE PACK OFF ELEMENT,SAID MANDREL HAVING AT ITS LOWER END A SECTION OF ENLARGED OUTERDIAMETER, A SLEEVE SLIDABLY MOUNTED ON THE MANDREL BETWEEN THE SECTIONOF ENLARGED OUTER DIAMETER AND THE SLIP CONE, THE SLEEVE AND SECTION OFLARGE OUTER DIAMETER BEING CONSTRUCTED AND ARRANGED TO FORM A PRESSURECHAMBER BETWEEN THE SLEEVE AND THE MANDREL, SEALING RINGS ENGAGING THESLEEVE AND MANDREL AND COOPERATING WITH THE SLEEVE AND MANDREL TOPREVENT FLOW OUTWARDLY FROM THE PRESSURE CHAMBER, A PORT EXTENDINGINWARDLY THROUGH THE MANDREL FROM THE PRESSURE CHAMBER, SLIPSEXTENDINGLY UPWARDLY FROM THE SLEEVE TO A POSITION ADJACENT AND BELOWTHE SLIP CONE WHEN THE PACKER IS IN CONDITION FOR RUNNING INTO THE WELLAND ADAPTED TO MOVE UP OVER THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE SLIP CONE AS THESLEEVE IS MOVED UPWARDLY ON THE MANDREL ON THE APPLICATION OF HYDRAULICPRESSURE IN THE PRESSURE CHAMBER, A NARROW SHOULDER EXTENDING INWARDLYAROUND THE INNER SURFACE OF THE MANDREL AT A POSITION BELOW THE PORT TOFORM A VALVE SEAT, AND A VALVE ELEMENT HAVING A DIAMETER SMALLER THANTHE INNER DIAMETER OF THE MANDREL AND ADAPTED TO REST ON THE SHOULDER TOCLOSE THE LOWER END OF THE MANDREL WHEREBY A HYDRAULIC PRESSURE TO SETTHE PACKER CAN BE APPLIED TO THE MANDREL ABOVE THE SHOULDER.